Guatemala is located in Central America, initially inhabited by the Mayan culture; invaded by the Spaniards in 1524; In 1821 he declared his independence from the Spanish Crown, benefiting only the Creole bourgeoisie. Then he lived a period of military dictatorships, allowing a pause during the period of the 1944-1954 revolution; In 1960, the internal armed conflict began, directly damaging indigenous communities for 36 years, concluding with the signing of peace agreements in 1996.
It has a total area of 108,889 km² for its administration is divided into 8 regions, 22 departments, 340 municipalities and an average of 18,000 dispersed communities in which about 16,548,168 inhabitants live (data for 2016), of which 51% are women and 49% men, 51% live in rural areas and 49% in urban areas , although the migrations in the city have gradually changed this indicator, in addition, 40% identify themselves as indigenous and 60% as non-indigenous, as a result of the cross-culturalization process and cultural ethnic discrimination.
The state does not provide minimum satisfactions to the population in terms of health, education and employment. In terms of health, the first four causes of general mortality are, in their order, pneumonia with 29.83%, acute infarction with 17.58%, diabetes mellitus with 10% and firearm attacks with 10.3%, pneumonia is associated to the climatic alterations and to air pollution, especially in the coast of the Guatemalan Pacific as a product of the type of agricultural production, the acute infarction and diabetes, are associated with deep changes in the habits of the alimentary intake, finally the aggressions with weapon of Fire are associated with the culture of violence inherited by the breakdown of the social fabric during the armed conflict.
In education, the national schooling rate is 64.13% at the pre primary level, 95.79% at the primary level, 71.47% at the basic level, 38.02% at the diversified level, and 7.8% of the population has university level, also the school promotion exceeds 60% at all levels with the exception of the university.
According to the United Nations report, Guatemala is the most unequal country in the region with a Gini Index of 52.4, one of the highest in Latin America, occupying the ninth place of inequality in the world.
Guatemala has been marked by a continuous fight in the anti-corruption processes, where it has been observed how the current government has gained ground in its fight to oppose the anti-corruption processes, so that during the last year the Government announces non-renewal of the CICIG mandate. In the 2018 annual report of the Guatemalan Human Rights Procurator, the following elements stand out: Corruption: The report highlights that corruption has a negative impact, both on civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, highlighting the Perception Index of Corruption, where Guatemala is in position 144 of 180 countries analyzed. Private investment and mining: the report emphasized that in order for there to be certainty in private investment, the conventions of the International Labor Organization must be faithfully complied with, especially with regard to authorizations for extractive projects without proper prior consultation with the people involved Regarding the criminalization of human rights defenders: The PDH reported that in the last year more than 20 human rights defenders were killed, leaving cases in impunity, when it is the duty of the State to guarantee security for all citizens.
